Awareness
Hazard identification: Failure to identify potential hazards and associated risks
Communication: Ineffective or inadequate communication of hazards, risks, and safety procedures
Competence/knowledge: Lack of knowledge or training in hazard recognition and mitigation
Supervision: Inadequate supervision or monitoring of personnel and activities
Work instruction/procedure: Inadequate or unclear instructions for performing tasks and managing hazards
Detection
Visual warning system: Inadequate or ineffective visual warning systems to alert personnel to hazards
Aural warning systems: Inadequate or ineffective audible warning systems to alert personnel to hazards
Speed/movement detectors: Inadequate or ineffective detectors for monitoring speed and movement
Vigilance/fatigue: Inadequate monitoring of personnel's alertness and fatigue levels
Gas/substance: Inadequate detection of gas and other hazardous substances in the workplace
Control and Recovery
Procedures: Inadequate or ineffective procedures for managing hazards and responding to incidents
Bypass valves/circuits: Inadequate or ineffective bypass valves or circuits to prevent incidents from escalating
Emergency shut down: Inadequate or ineffective emergency shut down systems to stop incidents from escalating
Protection and Containment
PPE: Inadequate or ineffective personal protective equipment to protect personnel from hazards
Fire fighting: Inadequate or ineffective fire-fighting equipment and procedures
Spill response: Inadequate or ineffective spill response measures to prevent the spread of hazardous substances
Bunding/barricading/exclusion zones: Inadequate or ineffective measures to contain hazardous substances and prevent personnel from entering dangerous areas
Escape and Rescue
Safe access/egress: Inadequate or ineffective means of exiting hazardous areas
Emergency planning/response: Inadequate or ineffective emergency planning and response measures
Emergency communication: Inadequate or ineffective communication channels for reporting incidents and alerting emergency responders
Other potential factors that could contribute to Absent or Failed Defence include maintenance and inspection failures, security breaches, design flaws, and human factors.